STD 10 Sanskrit
Introduction
The most notable contribution of ancient India is what came to be known as the wise saying, maxims, aphorisms and gnomes. In Sanskrit, these kinds of verses are called SHUBHASHIT. Sanskrit writers have excelled in expressing their thoughts with brevity and originality using metaphors and similies. SHUBHASHIT has been found in Sanskrit literature since the earliest times, i.e., from the VED.
- Kamlesh Kapoor in ' portraits of A Nation '
The six verses chosen here are from the plays, except perhaps the last one HUTAM CHA DATTAM CHA TATHAIVA TISHTHATI reminds us of what is of permanent value in life. MUDHAHA PARAPRATYAYANEYABUDDHUHI warns us against having a biased view Which is especially important in modern times when media shape our opinions.
DHUTHA SHARIRENA MURTHA SA JIVATI is also a powerful line that will make us think about the quality of life that we are leading VAJRADAPI KATHORANI, MRUDUNI KUSUMADAPI - has been quoted innumerable times and it has become a proverb. You will also come across the mediocre men occupying the high post and remember ANYASMALLABDHAPADO NICHAHA and the bitter truth expressed by BAN with so apt our illustration. The last verse describes the lofty ideal. Are we really, genuinely good or have we cultivated good manners? Is our good, courteous behaviour like a return gift distributed on our birthday function?
Translation
(1) With the passage of time whatever is learnt is lost. The trees having strong roots fall down and water lying in the reservoir dries up. Whatever is offered as an ablation into the fire and whatever is given in charity remains as it is.
(2) All is not good only because it is old, similarly poetical work is not free form fault only because it is new. Good people accept either of the two after testing. A foolish person's intelligence is led by the opinion of others.
(3) Who indeed can understand fully the minds of the extraordinary persons, (the minds) that are harder than a thunderbolt, softer than a flower ?
(4) A wicked man who has got a post due to another person generally becomes unbearable (or annoying). Even the direct sun does not burn as much as a (hot) sand dune does.
(5) Indeed happiness appears to advantage after having experienced sorrow like the sight of a lamp in the pitch darkness. A man who becomes poor after (having enjoyed the period of) happiness lives like the dead (in spite of) having a body.
(6) A good person engrossed in doing good to others does not bear a grudge (lit-enmity) even at the time of his death. A sandal tree even when it is cut makes the edge of an axe fragrant.
Write Short Notes
(1) Difference between good and foolish person
Ans. Good person praises or accepts anything only after critical analysis. He does not base his judgement on the antiquity of modernity of a thing. In short, he has an open mind, receptive enough to judge everything without prejudice. A foolish person blindly believes or depends on the knowledge of others. This is the view of KALIDAS as revealed in the prologue of his play MALVIKAGNIMITRAM.
(2) The mentality of a mean-minded person
Ans. A mean-minded person becomes more meaningful when he gets a high post and power to trouble others that comes with it. Since he is aware that he may lose the post anytime, the fear and insecurity make him more annoying to those around him.
(3) Nature of a good person
Ans. A really good person is naturally inclined towards doing good to others. He is selfless in the sense that he's being good is not dependent on how others behave with him. A sandalwood tree makes the edge of the axe fragrant even when it is being cut. A person who is good those who are bent on destroying him is the rarest human being. Goodness can never be wrested from him.
Additional Question - Answer
(1) VAJRADAPI KATHORANI........ |
Ans. The great poet BHAVBHUTI says in this verse, "Who can indeed fathom the minds of the great which are softer than a flower and harder than a thunderbolt ?"Floral softness and firmness of thunderbolt are the characteristics of great souls. They become generous and compassionate or harsh, depending on the situation. Lord RAM abandoned SEETA where be appears to be hard but he performed a horse-sacrifice placing a golden image of SEETA beside him. Hearing this VASANTI a female ascetic utters these words which have been quoted innumerable times.
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