Introduction
India has a very long tradition of stories with a moral. The tales of lord buddha's earlier births called JATAK-KATHA were collected for didactic purposes. these stories were extremely popular. Sanskrit literature abounds with such stories.
The peculiar feature of such stories in Sanskrit is the significant names given to the characters. In the present story, for example, the two characters have names that indicate their nature. VITTADAS is really the slave of money and KUTANATHA is a master of deceit. Greed, according to a popular saying - LOBHAMULANI PAPANI is at the root of many sins. this story explains that greed makes man gullible. Greed is the desire for what is legitimately not ours. Mahatma Gandhi said, "There is enough in the world for man's need but not for his greed."
Please click here to watch an explanation video in Gujarati.
Translation
There was a certain rich merchant named VITTADAS who was very greedy. He had a neighbor who was a merchant by the name KUTANATH.
Ones KUTANATH thought, "This VITTADAS is greedy in spite of being rich. So he should be deceived by me by any means." Thus thinking KUTANATH once having one to VITTADAS house said, "O rich merchant, tomorrow many of our relatives will be our guests. Please give me some utensils for preparing (cooking) food, etc. for them. I shall return them day after tomorrow."
VITTADAS handed over the utensils to KUTANATH with a sensibility of his duty as a neighbor.
After the purpose (lit-use) of the utensils was served, KUTANATH went to VITTADAS house to return the utensils. KUTANATH place some new small size utensils also with those utensils. VITTADAS who was surprised by the sight of the new utensils asked KUTANATH, "O Friend, the utensils that were given to me by you gave birth (to these) in my house at night. These new utensils are the young ones of your utensils."
Having got the new utensils as the young one, VITTADAS was pleased.
When some days passed KUTADAS again requested VITTADAS for the utensils VITTADAS prompted by the wrong thinking that there would be the gain of even more utensils than the utensils given. gave him all the utensils that he (KUTANATH) desired.
Even after a month passed, when KUTANATH did not return the utensils VITTADAS who was worried went to KUTANATH house and asked for his own utensils. KUTANATH said with (feigning) dejection, "All your utensils died."
Also, watch an Explanation video in Gujarati.
Question - Answer
(1) What was the planning of KUTANATH to deceive VITTADAS?
Ans. KUTANATH borrowed some utensils from VITTADAS and returned them with an additional number of small-sized ones. the new utensils were the young ones born to VITTADAS original ones according to the strange explanation given by KUTANATH. Next time KUTANATH borrowed more utensils from VITTADAS but did not return them at all saying that VITTADAS utensils had died. When VITTADAS objected KUTANATH coolly explained. "If utensils can be born, surely they can also die." thus KUTANATH deceived his neighbor VITTADAS by taking the advantage of his greedy nature.
(2) Why did VITTADAS give KUTANATH utensils the second time?
Ans. VITTADAS was rich and greedy. The first time when he gave utensils to KUTANATH, he was prompted by a sense of duty as a neighbor. when KUTANATH returned the utensils with new, small-sized similar utensils in addition to the ones borrowed, VITTADAS readily believed in the story of their birth. when KUTANATH made a similar request the second time, VITTADAS gave him all the utensils he asked. This time is greed proved to be a stronger impulse than a sense of duty. Indulging in wishful thinking that he would once again receive additional utensils in return, VITTADAS gave KUTANATH the utensils.
Short Question - Answer
(1) How was Vittadas's nature?
Ans. Even though Vittadas was rich, he was greedy by nature.
(2) What type of utensils did Kutnath keep with the utensils (given by) Vittadas?
Ans. Kutnath kept some small, new utensils with the utensils (given by) vittadas.
(3) When vittadas said, "These utensils are not mine," what Kutnath replies?
Ans. On seeing many new utensils among his (old) ones, vittadas said, "These utensils are not mine." On hearing this Kutnath said, "Friend, the utensils that you gave me have given birth to new ones at night. these new utensils are the young ones of your utensils."
(4) What is the moral of the story ' YASYA JANANAM TASYA MARANAM ' ?
Ans. The moral of the story ' YASYA JANANAM TASYA MARANAM ' is that - Greed is at the root of many sins. The story shows how Greed makes man gullible and makes him commit many sins. So one should stay away from greed.
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