STD 10 Sanskrit is really a great subject to learn. In Sanskrit subject of STD 10 there are so many chapters about Sanskrit to learn. Here is an explanation of 16th Chapter of STD 10 Sanskrit. Have a look.
Introduction
RAMAYANA is the first poetical work in Sanskrit and VALMIKI who composed it is regarded as the first poet. RAMAYANA is divided into seven parts. They are:-
(1) BALA KANDA,
(2) AYODHYAKANDA,
(3) ARANYAKANDA,
(4) KISHKINDHAKANDA,
(5) SUNDARAKANDA,
(6) YUDDHAKANDA,
(7) UTTARAKANDA.
This lesson is from ARANYAKANDA. The verses are extracted from the 50th and 51st chapter.
Why is the battle between JATAYU and RAVAN called marvellous? It is between the king of birds who is old and whose only weapons are his sharp beak, claws and wings on one hand and the king of demons who is young, possessing weapons and riding a chariot. SEETA had not asked JATAYU to fight with RAVAN. she had asked him only to inform lord RAM about her abduction because she knew that JATAYU was old and would not be able to save her. In spite of this, JATAYU fights with all his might to prevent a crime against the helpless lady. So even in defeat, he commands our respect.
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Translation Of Shlokas
(1) Then the best of the birds, the majestic JATAYU whose beak was sharp (and) whose beauty was like that of a mountain peak who perched on a tree spoke the righteous words.
(2) Who will perform the act by dong which there will not be the observance of religious or moral duty, which will definitely not lead to fame, glory and which will be the cause of physical exhaustion?
(3) Reverse the lower course of touching the wife of another person. A wise man will not do anything that another person will censure.
(4) I am old. You are young. you have a bow. you have an arrow. you are a warrior riding a chariot. You are wearing an Armour. You will not go safely abducting SEETA KRA from me (i.e., when I am here).
(5) When thus spoken to (by JATAYU), the intolerant king of demons who was wearing the earrings of pure gold whose eyes were reddened due to anger rushed towards the king of birds.
(6) The miraculous fight between the vulture and the demon took place as the battle between the two great MALYAVAT mountains.
(7) Placing the beak on the (demon's) back, he scratched the back with his claws. The bird having the weapons in the form of claws, wings and beak pulled out (the demon's) hair.
(8) Then the best of the birds who were very powerful broke RAVAN bow which was decorated with pearls and gems along with the arrow using his own legs.
(9) RAVAN who was without a chariot, whose bow was broken, horses killed, charioteer killed, taking SEETA by hand fell on the ground.
(10) JATAYU, the king of birds who had defeated the enemies then attacked RAVAN with his beak and uprooted his ten hands on the left side.
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Write Question - Answer
(1) What are the words used by JATAYU to challenge RAVAN?
Ans. JATAYU challenged RAVAN saying. "I am old and you are young. You are armoured. You have a bow and arrows. You are riding the chariot. But you will not go safe taking VAIDEHI with you.
(2) Which weapons did JATAYU have?
Ans. JATAYU was an old bird. He did not have weapons as RAVAN did. But he had sharp claws, beak and wings. With these three weapons, he tried to prevent RAVAN from kidnapping SEETA.
(3) How did RAVAN fall down on the earth?
Ans. In the extraordinary fight between JATAYU and RAVAN, the bird broke the bow of the demon. His charioteer got wounded. He lost his chariot. RAVAN fell down on the earth catching hold of SEETA.
(4) What did enraged RAVAN do?
Ans. Enraged by the scolding of JATAYU, RAVAN with eyes reddened proceeded to attack the bird. The demon was so angry that his earings appeared to be made of burning gold.
(5) What did JATAYU do at the end?
Ans. In the final stage in the extraordinary fight between the bird JATAYU and the demon RAVAN, the bird attacked RAVAN using its sharp mouth and pulled out RAVAN ten left shoulders.
Write Short Notes
(1) JATAYU
Ans. JATAYU was the son of ARUN and a semi-divine bird. He was a friend of DASHARATH. When RAVAN was carrying SEETA away, he desperately fought with the formidable giant to rescue her but he was mortally wounded and died only after informing RAM about SEETA.
(2) RAVAN
Ans. RAVAN was the son of VISHRAVA and KEKASI. He was the king of LANKA. His wife was MANDODARI, the daughter MAYASUR, He had ten heads and hence his names DASHAVADAN, DASHAGRIVA or DHASHAMUKHA.
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